Overhead view comparing the size of the new Socket 4 ram with that of the smaller Athlit ram on the right (from the Institute's virtual reality model of the site).

Model of Octavian's monument commemorating his naval victory over Antony and Cleopatra -- the last major naval battle of the ancient world. New excavations and virtual reality modeling of the scuttled ships' ramming prows that adorned the front of the monument have provided new insight into this unique complex.
(from the Institute's virtual re-creation).

Socket 4 at Actium; the inner and outer profiles of the cutting and the rounded upper part of the socket were key elements for determining the shape of the ram that went here
(photo courtesy of William M. Murray)

The Institute's preliminary modeling of Socket 4, Actium, based on photos and dimensions
of the cuttings.